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Atomic Structure In ancient times, the philosophers were of the opinion that every substance is made up of small particles, but they had no experimental evidence to confirm that in 1873 Dalton proposed the atomic theory, according to this theory, every substance According to Dalton, atoms cannot be divided by any physical or chemical method. In 1897, Sir JJ Tamson discovered electrons and around the same time Bacural discovered radio activation. Then it was proved by experiments that atoms of each element are negatively charged particles electrons, but because atoms are neutral, they must have the same amount of positive charge, in addition to that the mass of electrons is very small compared to atomic mass, so atoms The mass of it must be in the positive charge present in it, the size of the atom can be estimated by many methods and it is 10. At that time there was no knowledge regarding the distribution of electron, positive charge and mass within the atom.

NASA Fly Helicopter on Mars US space agency created history, NASA helicopter first flight to Mars. US space agency NASA has made a new leap of success on Mars. His robotic helicopter has made history by taking the first flight on this red planet in the early hours of Monday-19/4/2021. This is the first such flight from Earth to another planet. This small size helicopter was able to achieve an altitude of ten feet during the flight. New methods of discovery paved the way for other planets NASA said the breakthrough could pave the way for new methods of exploration on other planets of the solar system, including Mars. Meanwhile, the project's manager Mimi Aang said that we can now say that humans can fly rotorcraft on another planet. NASA reported that carbon fiber blades began to spin and a helicopter named Ingenuity flew off the surface of the red planet. After a height of about ten feet, it landed back and it was all about 30 seconds. The mission was operated from NASA's Jet P...

WhatsApp Pink and Gold Update Instant messaging app WhatsApp has got a new update these days, due to which WhatsApp users need to be cautious. A warning has been issued by cyber experts to users not to click on the pink update link claiming to change the color of WhatsApp users. Actually these days WhatsApp users are getting a pink update, in which it is being claimed that after this update the color of WhatsApp can be pinked. Also, some new features have also been claimed in this update. Expert warns about WhatsApp Pink and Gold Update  According to the report of Cyber ​​Security Expert, it is claimed in the link of Whatsapp Pink update that this is an official update of WhatsApp. However, fraud is on the part of hackers. Users lose control of their account after WhatsApp Pink update. Meaning their WhatsApp account gets hacked. Also many times hackers also hack mobile phones with the help of WhatsApp pink update. This also leads to the possibility of backing fraud with custom...

परदा कहानी: यशपाल समाजवादी विचारधारा के प्रबुद्ध कहानीकार थे ।अपनी कहानियों के माध्यम से उन्होंने अपने निम्न मध्यम वर्ग के जीवन का विशद चित्रण किया है।पर्दा उनकी कठोर सत्य और यथार्थ पर आधारित कहानी है। कहानी कला की दृष्टि से इस कहानी की विशेषताओं का उद्घाटन किस प्रकार किया जा सकता है।  परदा कहानी का कथानक: परदा कहानी में से एक ऐसे मुस्लिम परिवार का चित्र खींचा गया है जो पर्दे की आड़ में किसी प्रकार अपनी दीनता और दरिद्रता को छुपाए हुए हैं।  कहानी में चौधरी परिवार की परिवारिक स्थिति और दरिद्रता का मार्मिक चित्रण हुआ है।  चौधरी खानदान का यह पर्दा उनकी सामाजिक प्रतिष्ठा का प्रतीक है निर्धन होते हुए भी चौधरी साहब अपनी मर्यादा पर पर्दा डाल डाले रहते हैं और जब वह खान द्वारा हटा दिया जाता है तो वह किंकर्तव्यविमूढ़ हो जाते हैं मानव हृदय के द्वंद को लेकर आगे बढ़ने वाली यह कहानी अपने अंतस में हाहाकार छुपाए हुए हैं। कहानी का अंत कथानक के पूरे कथ्य को प्रभावशाली बना देता है। खान द्वारा पर्दे का हटाया जाना मध्यवर्गीय मानसिकता की दिखावटी मर्यादा का पूंजीवादी व्यवस्था द्वारा हरण किए...

जयशंकर प्रसाद की "पुरस्कार" कहानी "पुरस्कार" कहानी जयशंकर प्रसाद की आदर्श रचनाओं में अपने प्रमुख स्थान रखती है इस कहानी में प्रसाद जी ने राष्ट्र के ऊपर व्यक्तिगत प्रेम के उत्सर्ग का आदर्श पाठकों के सम्मुख प्रस्तुत किया है कहानी कला के तत्वों के आधार पर पुरस्कार कहानी की समीक्षा इस प्रकार है।  "पुरस्कार" कहानी कथानक  "पुरस्कार" कहानी का कथानक ऐतिहासिक आधार पर गठित किया गया है, किंतु इसमें कल्पना का अनुपम संयोग करके इसे भाव प्रधान एवं यथार्थउन्मुख आदर्शवादी स्वरूप प्रदान किया गया है जिसमें प्रेम एवं कर्तव्य तथा वैक्तिकता और राष्ट्रीयता के संतुलन का अनूठा पन देखने को मिलता है।  कहानी की नायिका मधुलिका मगध के राष्ट्रीय पर्व पर अधिग्रहित अपनी भूमिका प्रतिदान राजा से नहीं लेती। इस प्रकार वह स्वाभिमानी बाला राजाज्ञा के कारण अपने पूर्वजों की भूमि गंवाकर दीन हीन दिशा में जीवन यापन करती है कुछ समय बाद युवराज अरुण उसके पास पुनः आता है और उसके प्रेम के वशीभूत होकर मधुलिका राष्ट्रीय हित को भूल जाती है यद्यपि उसके अंतर्मन में व्यक्तिगत लाभ एवं राष्ट्रहित तथा प...

नमक का दरोगा ( Namak Ka Daroga Kahanee): "नमक का दरोगा" कहानी मुंशी प्रेमचंद की बहुचर्चित कहानियों में से एक है इस कहानी के माध्यम से उन्होंने ब्रिटिश कालिन भारत के सामाजिक, प्रशासनिक न्यायिक एवं पारिवारिक व्यवस्था का सजीव चित्र प्रस्तुत किया है। एक छोटे कलेवर की कहानी में सीमित पत्रों एवं घटनाओं के द्वारा उन्होंने तत्कालीन समाज के सभी पहलुओं की यथार्थ और प्रभावशाली चित्र प्रस्तुत किया है। नमक का दरोगा कहानी के संगठनात्मक तत्वों की दृष्टि से प्रस्तुत कहानी का स्वरूप इस प्रकार है: "नमक का दरोगा" कहानी का कथावस्तु: प्रस्तुत कहानी का कथानक एक निश्चित उद्देश्य की दिशा में यथार्थ घटनाओं एवं पात्रों के माध्यम से विकसित होता है या कथानक तत्कालीन सामाजिक न्याय एवं पारस्परिक व्यवस्था का सजीव चित्रण करते हुए असत्य पर सत्य की विजय के आदर्श को उद्घाटित करता है कहानी के कथानक में घटना चरित्र एवं भाव तीनों का श्रेष्ठ समन्वय हुआ है नमक का दरोगा एक ऐसे युवक बंशीधर की कहानी है जो परिवार की दैनिक आर्थिक स्थिति में नमक विभाग में दरोगा का पद प्राप्त करता है उसके ऊपर आर्थिक उत्तरदायित्व...

Explain the definition of secondary focus of a concave lens by making a suitable ray diagram? Or Define the first and second focus distance of the lens? First focus distance of concave lens The fixed point on the main axis of the lens that moves (in a convex lens) or is centered (in a concave lens) after the rays of refraction becomes parallel to the principal axis is called the first focus of the lens. Let us demonstrate with. The surface perpendicular to the principal axis and passing through the first focus is called the first focus plane. The distance from the first focus plane to the optical center is called the first focus distance. It is represented by f '. Second focus distance of concave lens The light rays moving parallel to the principal axis, after refraction, point to the point at which they are focused (in a convex lens) or appear to come from (in a concave lens) it is called the second principal focus of the lens. The surface perpendicular to the principal axis ...

Write the definition of the character deflection capability of an optical medium? Character deflection capability of an optical medium When the white light passes through a thin prism, the ratio of the angle of deviation between the Purple and the red rays emanating from the prism and the deviation angle for the intermediate (yellow) cause is the character deflection potential of the material of the prism. Let's display it from ω. Deflection capability of optical medium in Hindi  किसी प्रकाशिक माध्यम के वर्ण विक्षेपण क्षमता की परिभाषा लिखिए? प्रकाशिक माध्यम के वर्ण विक्षेपण क्षमता जब स्वेत प्रकाश एक पतले प्रिज्म से गुजरता है तो प्रिज्म से निकलने पर प्राप्त वैगनी तथा लाल रंगों की निर्गत किरणों के बीच उत्पन्न कोड़ीय वर्ण विक्षेपण तथा मध्यवर्ती (पीले रंग की) कारण के लिए विचलन कोण के अनुपात को प्रिज्म के पदार्थ की वर्ण विक्षेपण क्षमता करते हैं इसे ω से प्रदर्शित करते हैं। 

What is the reason for the lens aberration? Lens aberration The reflection created by the lens of an object illuminated by white light is often colorful and ambiguous, distorting this defect of reflection generated by the lens. The reason for this defect is the refractive index of the material of a lens is different for the light of different colors, so that the focus distance of the lens also varies for different colors. Reason for the lens aberration in Hindi लेंसों के वर्ण विपथन से क्या अभिप्राय है इसका क्या कारण है? लेंसों के वर्ण विपथन स्वेत प्रकाश द्वारा प्रकाशित किसी वस्तु का लेंस द्वारा बना प्रतिबिंब प्रायः रंगीन एवं अस्पष्ट होता है लेंस द्वारा उत्पन्न प्रतिबिंब के इस दोष को वर्ड विपथन करते हैं। इस दोष का कारण किसी लेंस के पदार्थ के अपवर्तनांक का भिन्न-भिन्न रंगों के प्रकाश के लिए भिन्न-भिन्न होना है जिससे लेंस की फोकस दूरी भी भिन्न-भिन्न रंगों के लिए भिन्न-भिन्न होती है। 

Why do the edges of an image formed by a normal convex lens appear colored with the help of white light? White light is a mixture of light of different colors. These colors diverge due to character deflection when they pass through the lens and all colors make their own different reflections, so due to chromatic aberration, the central part of the image remains white but the edges appear colored. Image formed by convex lens in Hindi स्वेत प्रकाश की सहायता से किसी सामान्य उत्तल लेंस द्वारा बने प्रतिबिंब के किनारे रंगीन क्यों दिखाई देते हैं? स्वेत प्रकाश विभिन्न रंगों के प्रकाश का मिश्रण है।  यह रंग लेन्स से गुजरने पर वर्ण विक्षेपण के कारण अलग अलग हो जाते हैं तथा सभी रंग अपना अलग-अलग प्रतिबिंब बनाते हैं अतः वर्ण विपथन के कारण प्रतिबिंब का मध्य भाग तो स्वेत ही रहता है परंतु किनारे रंगीन दिखाई देते हैं। 

Explain a method of reducing what is meant by spherical aberration in reflection formed by a lens? Spherical aberration The defect of a lens due to which all the rays near and far away from the main axis of the lens is the same, the point is unable to focus and the reflection of the point object placed on the axis becomes unclear, is called spherical aberration. Reducing spherical aberration by stopping or blocking If any one of the incident rays or incident rays incident on the lens are stopped by stopping, then the remaining rays become focused at one point. Reducing spherical aberration in Hindi किसी लेंस द्वारा बना प्रतिबिंब में गोलीय विपथन से क्या तात्पर्य है इसे कम करने की एक विधि बताइये? गोलीय विपथन किसी लेन्स का वह दोष जिसके कारण लेंस की मुख्य अक्ष के पास व दूर के सभी किरणे एक है बिंदु पर फोकस नहीं हो पाती तथा अक्ष पर रखी बिंदु-वस्तु का प्रतिबिंब अस्पष्ट बनता है गोलीय विपथन कहलाता है।  रोक अथवा अवरोध लगाकर गोलीय विपथन कम करना यदि लेंस पर आपतित उपाक्षीय अथवा सीमान्त किरणों म...

What do you understand by the resolution of a combined microscope? Resolution of a combined microscope The ability of the microscope to make the reflection of two objects close to it separately is called the resolution of the microscope.  Differential efficiency of microscope = 2 sin α / 1. 22 ʎ Resolution of combined microscope in Hindi संयुक्त सूक्ष्मदर्शी की विभेदन क्षमता से आप क्या समझते हैं? संयुक्त सूक्ष्मदर्शी की विभेदन क्षमता सूक्ष्मदर्शी द्वारा उसके समीप रखी दो वस्तुओं के प्रतिबिंब को अलग-अलग स्पष्ट बना पाने की क्षमता को सूक्ष्मदर्शी की विभेदन क्षमता कहते हैं सूक्ष्मदर्शी की विभेदन क्षमता जितनी अधिक होती है वह उतना ही अधिक अच्छा होता है। सूक्ष्मदर्शी की विभेदन क्षमता = 2 sin α / 1. 22 ʎ

Why is the resolution range of electron microscope lower than the resolution limit of other optical microscopes? The wavelength of the electron beam used in the electron microscope is 1/5000 compared to the wavelength of the light beam used in the optical microscope. Therefore, the resolution range of the electron microscope is only 1/5000 of the resolution range of any optical microscope. Resolution of electron microscope in Hindi इलेक्ट्रॉन सूक्ष्मदर्शी की विभेदन सीमा अन्य  प्रकाशिक सूक्ष्मदर्शीयो की विभेदन सीमा से कम क्यों होती है? इलेक्ट्रॉन सूक्ष्मदर्शी में प्रयुक्त इलेक्ट्रॉन पुंज की तरंगदैर्ध्य प्रकाशिक सूक्ष्मदर्शी में प्रयुक्त प्रकाश पुंज की तरंगदैर्ध्य की तुलना में 1/5000  होती है।  अतः इलेक्ट्रॉन सूक्ष्मदर्शी की विभेदन सीमा किसी भी प्रकाशिक सूक्ष्मदर्शी की विभेदन सीमा का  केवल 1/5000  भाग होती है।

Why are objects seen under the influence of electrons moving at high speed in electron microscopes? Fast-moving electrons behave like a wave with a super wavelength (ʎ = h / mv) This causes the resolution of the electron microscope to be very high, thus the microscopic details of objects are seen completely in the flow of intense electrons. Electrons moving at high speed in electron microscopes in Hindi इलेक्ट्रॉन सूक्ष्मदर्शी में वस्तुओं को तीव्र गति से चलने वाले इलेक्ट्रॉनों के प्रभाव में क्यों देखा जाता है? तीव्र गति से चलने वाले इलेक्ट्रॉन अति सूक्ष्म तरंगदैर्ध्य वाली तरंग की भांति व्यवहार करते हैं (ʎ =h/mv) इस कारण इलेक्ट्रॉन सूक्ष्मदर्शी की विभेदन क्षमता बहुत अधिक हो जाती है इस प्रकार तीव्र इलेक्ट्रॉनों के प्रवाह में देखने से वस्तुओं के सूक्ष्मतम विववरण पूर्णत: स्पष्ट हो जाते हैं। 

Write the unit of what do you understand by the intensity of the wave? In physics, the term **"intensity"** of a wave refers to the amount of energy that flows through a unit area perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave per unit of time. It is a measure of the power of the wave per unit area. The intensity \( I \) of a wave is given by the formula: \[ I = \frac{P}{A} \] Where: - \( I \) is the intensity of the wave in watts per square meter (W/m²). - \( P \) is the power transmitted by the wave in watts (W). - \( A \) is the area through which the wave is passing, measured in square meters (m²). From this formula, it's clear that intensity is directly proportional to the power of the wave and inversely proportional to the area over which the wave is spread. If the power of the wave increases while the area remains the same, the intensity will increase. Similarly, if the power remains constant but the area decreases, the intensity will also increase. Inte...

What does the principle of superposition of waves mean? How many types of effects are obtained by the imposition of waves? Principle of superposition of waves The principle of superposition states that when two or more waves overlap in a region of space, the resulting displacement at any point is the algebraic sum of the individual displacements produced by each wave. In other words, the total effect of multiple waves at a particular point is simply the sum of the effects of each individual wave at that point. This principle is applicable to waves of all types, including electromagnetic waves, sound waves, and water waves. Here are a few key points related to the principle of superposition: 1. Linear Nature: The principle of superposition applies to linear wave equations. Linear means that the response of a system (or a medium) to multiple waves is directly proportional to the amplitude of each individual wave. Nonlinear systems, on the other hand, do not follow the principle of superp...

What are electromagnetic waves? Electromagnetic waves When the electric current changes in a very high frequency in an electric circuit, it starts circulating in the form of energy waves from the circuit. These waves are electromagnetic waves. In these waves the electric field E and magnetic field B are mutually perpendicular and the transmission of the wave Are also perpendicular to the direction of the medium and are not required for their transmission. Electromagnetic waves are a form of energy that is all around us and takes many forms, such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays. These waves are produced by the acceleration or oscillation of electric charges. Electromagnetic waves can travel through vacuum as well as through various mediums like air, water, and solids. Here are some key characteristics and properties of electromagnetic waves: 1. Electric and Magnetic Fields: Electromagnetic waves consist of per...

Explain the theory related to wave transmission of Hygens? Hygens theory related to wave transmission According to  Hygens theory, light moves in the form of waves. These waves move from the light source at the speed of light in all possible directions. By the time of Hygens, the scientists believed that the medium is necessary for the transmission of waves, so Hygens created a universal medium ether. And assumed that ether is almost weightless, that is, its density is very low and its elasticity is very high, because it is light, it can enter every substance and due to high elasticity, light waves in ether with very high velocity. When these light waves reflect from an object and fall on the retina of our eye, then that object starts to appear to us. Hygens theory of wave transmission in Hindi हाइगेन्स के तरंग संचरण संबंधित सिद्धांत की व्याख्या कीजिए? हाइगेन्स के तरंग संचरण संबंधित सिद्धांत इस सिद्धांत के अनुसार प्रकाश तरंगो के रूप में चलता है ये तरंगे प्रकाश स्रोत से निकलकर सभी स...

State the principle of secondary wavelets of Hygens? Hygens principle of secondary wavelets Hygens proposed a theory to explain the transmission of waves in a medium, which Hygens called the theory of secondary wavelets, for this Hygens made the following hypothesis that ... 1. When waves emanate from a wave source located in a medium, the particles of the medium around the wave source start vibrating. The surface in which all the particles located in the medium vibrate in the art is called the waveform. If the wave source is point then the wavelength is spherical. It happens that the waveform is flat at a great distance from the wave source. 2.Each particle of the medium located on the waveform acts as a new wave source from which new waves emanate in all directions. These new waves are called secondary waves. Secondary waves in the medium move at the same speed as the primary waves. 3. If at any moment, the secondary waveforms, ie the surface touching them, are drawn, then t...

What is Maxwell's electromagnetic wave theory? Maxwell's electromagnetic wave theory Maxwell corrected Hygens's theory that light is an electromagnetic wave, not a mechanical wave, in which electric and magnetic fields vibrate in directions perpendicular to and mutually perpendicular to the direction of light transmission, so that electric and magnetic fields go without medium Can occur, so electromagnetic waves move in the speed of light in a vacuum. Maxwell's electromagnetic wave theory in Hindi मैक्सवेल का विद्युत चुंबकीय तरंग सिद्धांत क्या है? मैक्सवेल का विद्युत चुंबकीय तरंग सिद्धांत मैक्सवेल ने  हाइगेन्स के सिद्धांत में सुधार करते हुए बताया कि प्रकाश एक यांत्रिक तरंग ना होकर एक विद्युत चुंबकीय तरंग है जिसमें प्रकाश संचरण की दिशा के लंबवत तथा परस्पर लंबवत दिशाओं में विद्युत तथा चुंबकीय क्षेत्र कंपन करते रहते हैं चुकि विद्युत तथा चुंबकीय क्षेत्र बिना माध्यम के उत्पन्न हो सकते हैं अतः विद्युत चुंबकीय तरंगे निर्वात में प्रकाश की चाल से चलती हैं। 

What do you understand by the dual nature of light? Dual nature of light To understand the phenomena of interfering and diffraction, the wave theory of light and photon theory of light is necessary to understand the phenomena of light and electrical effects, the crumpling effect, that is, both particulate and wave properties are present in light. It behaves similarly and behaves like a wave in some events. This nature of light is called dual nature. Dual nature of light in Hindi प्रकाश के द्वैती प्रकृति से आप क्या समझते हैं? प्रकाश के द्वैती प्रकृति व्यतिकरण और विवर्तन आदि घटनाओं को समझने के लिए प्रकाश की तरंग सिद्धांत तथा प्रकाश विद्युत प्रभाव क्रम्पटन प्रभाव आदि घटनाओं को समझने के लिए प्रकाश का फोटॉन सिद्धांत आवश्यक है अर्थात प्रकाश में कणिक तथा तरंग दोनों गुण विद्यमान रहते हैं इस प्रकार की कुछ घटनाओं में प्रकाश कणों समान व्यवहार करता है तथा कुछ घटनाओं में तरंग के समान व्यवहार करता है प्रकाश की यह प्रकृति द्वैती प्रकृति कहलाती है।

What is the difference between electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves? 1. Medium is not required for transmission of electromagnetic waves whereas medium is required for transmission of mechanical waves. 2. Electromagnetic waves are only transverse waves while mechanical waves are both transverse and longitudinal. 3.The velocity of electromagnetic waves is equal to the velocity of light whereas the velocity of internal waves varies in different mediums. 4.Electromagnetic waves show thermal effect whereas mechanical waves do not show thermal effect. Electromagnetic vs mechanical waves in Hindi विद्युत चुंबकीय तरंगों तथा यांत्रिक तरंगों में क्या अंतर है? 1.वैद्युत चुम्बकीय तरंगो के संचरण के लिए माध्यम की आवश्यकता नहीं होती जबकि यांत्रिक तरंगो के संचरण के लिए माध्यम की आवश्यकता होती है। 2.विद्युत चुंबकीय तरंग केवल अनुप्रस्थ तरंगे है जबकि यांत्रिक तरंगे अनुप्रस्थ और अनुदैर्ध्य दोनों प्रकार की होती हैं। 3.वैद्युत चुम्बकीय तरंगो का वेग प्रकाश के वेग के बराबर होता है जबकि आंतरिक ...

What is meant by endosomal and destructive interference? Endosomal interference Through the points at which the resulting intensity exceeds the sum of the sum of the intensities of both waves, the interpolation is the interpolation. Destructive interference At points in the medium at which the resultant intensity is less than the sum of the different intensities of the waves, the interference is called destructive interference. Endosomal and destructive interference in Hindi संपोषी तथा विनाशी व्यतिकरण से क्या तात्पर्य है? संपोषी व्यतिकरण माध्यम से जिन बिंदुओं पर परिणामी तीव्रता दोनों तरंगों की तीव्रताओं के योग के योग से अधिक होती है वहां व्यतिकरण संपोषी व्यतिकरण होता है। विनाशी व्यतिकरण माध्यम के जिन बिंदुओं परपरिणामी तीव्रता तरंगों के अलग-अलग तीव्रताओं के योग से कम होता है वहां व्यतिकरण विनाशी व्यतिकरण कहलाता है। 

What do you mean by diffraction of waves, what do you understand by diffraction of light? Diffraction of waves Diffraction of the waves moving along the edges of the obstacles in their path is called diffraction. Diffraction is a special property of waves which is seen only in waves and not in particles. Diffraction of light When the light rays fall on a thin line or a sharp barrier, they are partially turned towards the edges of the line or barrier, this type of turn of light rays is called diffraction of light. Required condition - For diffraction of light, the size of the barrier must be of the order of wavelength of light. Diffraction of waves and Diffraction of light in Hindi तरंगों के विवर्तन का क्या अर्थ है प्रकाश के विवर्तन से आप क्या समझते हैं? तरंगों का विवर्तन तरंगों का अपने मार्ग में आने वाले अवरोधों के किनारों पर मुड जाना विवर्तन कहलाता है विवर्तन तरंगों का एक विशिष्ट गुण है जो केवल तरंगों में देखने को मिलता है कणो में नहीं।  प्रकाश का विवर्तन जब प्रकाश किरण किसी...

Differentiate between Diffraction and Interpretation? 1. There is a slight difference in the frequencies of both sound waves in the blast While the frequency of both sound waves is exactly the same in the interpolation. 2. The time between waves at any one point of the medium in a diffusivity varies with time while in the interferometry the time constant between the waves at any one point of the medium remains constant. 3. The amplitude at each point of the medium in the diffusivity varies with time while in the interpolation the value of the amplitude at each point of the medium is always constant. 4.The sound intensity fluctuates with a change of time at the same location in the fissure, whereas the loudness of the sound is maximum and minimum with the change in location in the interpolation. Diffused vs deviation in Hindi विस्पंद और व्यतिकरण में अंतर बताइए? 1.विस्पंद में दोनों ध्वनि तरंगों की आवृत्तिओं में बहुत थोड़ा सा अंतर होता है जबकि व्यतिकरण में दोनों ध्...

What is the difference between the frequency and loudness of sound? Answer: Difference between the frequency and loudness of sound L oudness is the quality of sound on the basis of which a sound appears to be thick (below the tether) or fine (high tether) to the ear, thus, the stratification is the measure of the sound being fine or thick. Seconds are the number of vibrated vibrations that can be measured while sound strings can only be experienced as a difference between two sounds. Although the strings vary depending on the frequency of the sound, Frequency VS loudness of sound in Hindi ध्वनि की आवृत्ति तथा तारत्व में क्या अंतर है? उत्तर: ध्वनि की आवृत्ति तथा तारत्व में क्या अंतर तारत्व तो ध्वनि का वह गुण है जिसके आधार पर कोई ध्वनि कान को मोटी ( नीचे तारत्व के ) की अथवा बारीक (उच्च तारत्व की )  प्रतीत होती है इस प्रकार तारत्व ध्वनि के बारीक अथवा मोटी होने की माप है ध्वनि की आवृत्ति ध्वनि श्रोत द्वारा प्रति सेकंड किए गए कंपनो की संख्या होती है जिसे नापा जा सकता है जबकि ध्वनि तारत्...

What are the characteristics of musical sounds? Or Explain the meaning of loudness, Pitch and quality of sound? Answer: Characteristics of musical sounds 1. Loudness of sound Loudness is a symptom of a sound based on which a sound is heard slower to the ear or when a sound is heard to us slower, then its intensity is less while the loud sound is more loud. 2. Pitch of voice The sound's sound depends on its frequency. As the frequency of the sound source increases, the sound quality of the produced sound increases and the sound becomes thinner or sharper and vice versa as the frequency of the sound source decreases. As the sound produced, the stellation decreases and the sound becomes thick or flat, like the mosquito's buzzing noise is high and the lion's roar has a low stellar power, because the mosquito's buzzing noise is very low in the lion's roar. 3. Quality of sound Quality is the feature and sound of sound, on the basis of which there is a difference in sounds...

What do you understand by vibration plane and polarity plane? Vibration plane In flat polarized light, the plane in which both the direction of light moving and the direction of vibration of the electric vector is located is called the vibrational plane. Polarity plane A plane perpendicular to the vibrational plane in plane polarized light in which the direction of light transmission is located is called the polarization plane. Vibration plane and polarity plane in Hindi कंपन तल तथा ध्रुवण तल से क्या समझते हो? कंपन तल समतल ध्रुवित प्रकाश में वह तल जिसमें प्रकाश के चलने की दिशा तथा विद्युत वेक्टर के कंपन की दिशा दोनों ही स्थित हो कंपन तल कहलाता है। ध्रुवण तल समतल ध्रुवित प्रकाश में कंपन तल के लंबवत एक ऐसा तल जिसमें प्रकाश संचरण की दिशा स्थित हो ध्रुवण तल कहलाता है। 

What do you understand by non-polar and polar light? Or What do you understand by polar light or plane polar light? Answer: Non-polar light The light, in which the vibrations of the electric vector occur symmetrically in all directions in the plane perpendicular to the direction of the ray of light, is called the superposed light. Polar light Light in the vertical plane is not symmetrical in all directions but only in one direction. This is called polarized light. This light is also called plane polarized light. If the vibration of the electric vector in polar light is parallel to the paper plane, it is displayed by the arrow. But if it is perpendicular to the bottom of the paper, it is represented by a dot. Non-polar and polar light in Hindi अध्रुवित प्रकाश एवं ध्रुवित प्रकाश से क्या समझते हो? ध्रुवित प्रकाश अथवा समतल ध्रुवित प्रकाश से आप क्या समझते हैं? उत्तर: अध्रुवित प्रकाश वह प्रकाश,  जिसमें विद्युत वेक्टर के कंपन प्रकाश की किरण के चलने की दिशा के लंबवत तल में सभी दिशाओं में स...

What do you understand by polarization of light? Polarization of light When a wave of light is transmitted through a duraline crystal, the wave of light is able to emit only those vibrations that are parallel to the axis of the crystal, the remaining vibrations are stopped by the crystal, thus leaving the crystal The vibrations of the electric vector in the wave are not only in all directions but also in the same direction perpendicular to the plane perpendicular to the direction of movement of the wave. Such light is called plane polarized light and this phenomenon is called polarization of light What is polarization of light in Hindi प्रकाश के ध्रुवण से आप क्या समझते हैं? प्रकाश का ध्रुवण जब कोई प्रकाश की तरंग की किसी दुरमैलीन क्रिस्टल में से पारगमित होती है तो प्रकाश की तरंग केवल वही कम्पन बाहर निकाल पाते हैं जो क्रिस्टल की अक्ष  के समांतर होते हैं शेष कंपन क्रिस्टल द्वारा रोक दिए जाते हैं इस प्रकार क्रिस्टल से निकलने के पश्चात प्रकाश की तरंग में विद्युत वेक्टर के कंपन तरंग के च...

Illustrate a practical method of production and detection of plane polarized light? Or With the help of what is called polaroid, how will we find out whether the given light is polarized or partially polarized or fully polarized? OR How to check which polar beam is polarized with the help of polaroid? Or Describe the method of generating and analyzing polar polarized plane by polaroid? Answer: Polaroid polarizing light An inexpensive and commercial method of polarizing light is the polaroid method. Its design is based on the principle of dichroism. Composition Polaroid is a large size film that is placed between 2 glass plates. This film is formed by a special method on a thin sheet of nitrosalulose, an asymmetrical crystal of organic yogurt, in such a way that the illuminated axis of all crystals is parallel. When a beam of imprecise light passes through the beam in a polarized film, the film only allows the components whose electrical vectors vibrate parallel to the polarization dire...

What is the effect of Doppler in sound? Under what circumstances does this apply? Doppler effect in sound Due to the relative motion of the sound source and the listener, the virtual change in the frequency of the sound listener is called the Doppler effect and this effect is called the principle of Doppler. This theory only tells about the frequency change of sound, nothing about the change of sound. If the velocity of the sound source or listener is greater than the velocity of sound, then the Doppler effect does not apply. Doppler effect in sound in Hindi ध्वनि में डॉप्लर का प्रभाव क्या है ? यह किन परिस्थितियों में लागू होता है ? ध्वनि में डॉप्लर का प्रभाव  ध्वनि श्रोत तथा श्रोता की सापेक्ष गति के करण, ध्वनि श्रोता की आवृत्ति में होने वाले आभासी परिवर्तन को डॉप्लर प्रभाव तथा इस प्रभाव को डॉप्लर का सिद्धान्त कहते है।  यह सिद्धान्त केवल ध्वनि के आवृत्ति परिवर्तन को बताता है, ध्वनि के तीब्रता  परिवर्तन के बारे में कुछ नहीं बताता।  यदि ध्वनि श्रोत अथवा श्रोता का वेग,...

What is the meaning of ultraviolet capable and fractional potential? Ultraviolet capable The greatest electrical field for an electrolyte material that it can tolerate without electrical breakup is called an ultraviolet power. Fracture difference The maximum difference between the ends of a dielectric material that a dielectric can tolerate without electrode fracture is called a fracture of the dielectric. Ultraviolet and fractional potential in Hindi परावैद्युत समर्थ तथा भंजक विभवांतर से क्या अभिप्राय है? परावैद्युत समर्थ - किसी परावैद्युत पदार्थ के लिए वह महत्तम वैद्युत क्षेत्र जिसे वह बिना वैद्युत भंजन के सहन कर सकता है परावैद्युत सामर्थ कहलाता है।  भंजक विभवांतर किसी परावैद्युत पदार्थ के सिरों के बीच उत्पन्न हुआ महत्तम विभवांतर जिसे परावैद्युत बिना वैद्युत भंजन  के सहन कर सकता है उस परावैद्युत का भंजक विभवांतर कहलाता है। 

Give the difference between Omi and Anomie resistance with examples? Or Give an example of what you understand by anomalous resistance? Difference between Omi and Anomaly Resistance This is the resistance of a conductor for not changing the temperature and other physical conditions, irrespective of the potential difference between the points of the conductor, then it gives anomalous resistance such as copper wire, tungsten wire etc. When the resistance changes when a driver's current is charged between the seals, the resistance changes, making it anomalous resistance such as diode valves, transistors, etc. Omi and Anomie resistance in Hindi ओमीय तथा अनओमीय प्रतिरोध में अंतर उदाहरण सहित दीजिए? अनओमीय प्रतिरोध से आप क्या समझते हैं इसका एक उदाहरण दीजिए? ओमीय तथा अनओमीय प्रतिरोध में अंतर यह किसी चालक का ताप तथा अन्य भौतिक अवस्थाये न बदलने पर प्रतिरोध नियत रहे चाहे चालक के सीरों के बीच कितना भी विभवांतर लगा हो तो इसे अनोमिय  प्रतिरोध करते हैं जैसे तांबे का तार , टंगस्टन का तार आदि।...

What is the meaning of free electrons in metals? Free electrons The average time interval between two consecutive collisions of the metal ions of free electrons within the metal is called the periodic. This is represented by τ. Most metals have a range of 10  -14  seconds. Meaning of free electrons in metals in Hindi धातुओं में मुक्त इलेक्ट्रॉनों के श्रान्तिकाल का क्या अर्थ है? मुक्त इलेक्ट्रॉनों के श्रान्तिकाल धातु के भीतर मुक्त एलेक्ट्रॉनों की धातु के धन आयनो से दो लगातार टककरो के बीच लगे औसत समय अंतराल को श्रान्तिकाल कहते हैं इसे τ से प्रदर्शित करते हैं अधिकतर धातुओं के 10 -१४  सेकंड की कोटि का होता है। 

What is meant by the trajectory velocity of free electrons in metals? When a metal wire is connected to a battery and establishes the difference between its ends, the free electrons follow an average velocity in the direction of the length of the wire towards the high potential  point. This average velocity is called the trajectory velocity of the electrons. Display it with V d. Trajectory velocity of free electrons in Hindi  धातुओं में मुक्त इलेक्ट्रॉनों के अनुगमन वेग से क्या तात्पर्य है? जब किसी धातु के तार को एक बैटरी से जोड़कर उसके सिरों के बीच विभवांतर स्थापित करते हैं तो मुक्त इलेक्ट्रॉन तार की लंबाई की दिशा में उच्च विभव वाले सीरे की ओर एक औसत वेग से अनुगमन करते हैं इस औसत वेग को इलेक्ट्रॉनों का अनुगमन वेग कहते हैं इसे V d से  प्रदर्शित करते हैं। 

What is the difference between the electric carrying force of a cell and the difference between the terminal? Difference in electric carrying force and potential difference 1. The energy given by the cell to make the unit charge flow throughout the circuit is called the electric carrying force of the cell, while the work done by the cell in passing the charge charge across the outer circuit is differentiated between the ends of the cell. 2. The value of the electric carrying force remains constant for one cell while the differential command decreases with maximum current from the cell. 3. In open circuit, the difference between the two strands of the cell is called the electric carrying force of the cell, while in closed circuit, the difference between the two poles of the cell is called the divisional difference. Electric carrying force of cell in Hindi किसी सेल का विद्युत वाहक बल तथा टर्मिनल के बीच विभवांतर में क्या अंतर है? विद्युत वाहक बल तथा विभवांतर में अंतर 1....

Why do the paths of alpha particles moving perpendicular to the magnetic field become circular? Or When a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the direction of motion of a moving positively charged particle, the particle takes a circular path. Why? The reason for this is that the charged particle is moving under the influence of a force whose magnitude is constant but its direction changes continuously and is always perpendicular to the direction of one, due to which the charged particle takes a circular path. Paths of alpha particles moving perpendicular to the magnetic field become circular in Hindi चुंबकीय क्षेत्र के लंबवत गति करते अल्फा कण के मार्ग वृताकार क्यों हो जाते हैं? जब एक गतिमान धनात्मक आवेशित कण की गति की दिशा के लंबवत एक चुंबकीय क्षेत्र लगाया जाता है तो कण वृताकार पथ ले लेता है क्यों? इसका कारण यह है कि आवेशित कण एक ऐसे बल के प्रभाव में गतिमान है जिसका परिमाण तो स्थिर है परंतु इसकी दिशा निरंतर बदलती रहती है तथा सदैव एक की दिशा के लंबवत रहती है इस कारण आवेशित कण वृत...

Establish the formula of the force acting between two parallel current conductors? Force between two parallel current drivers If the serial conductor places another current conductor near the wire, then a force is applied on this conductor wire due to the magnetic field produced by the first conductor wire, thus the earlier serial conductor wire also has a magnetic field generated by the second current carrying wire. Cause a force is exerted, thus keep it close. Two current carrying wires impose magnetic force on each other due to the interaction of magnetic field. Formula F=i 2 B 1 L sin 90˚= i 2 B 1 L Force acting between two parallel current conductors in Hindi (हिंदी में दो समानांतर वर्तमान कंडक्टरों के बीच कार्य करने वाला बल) दो समांतर धारावाही चालकों के बीच कार्य करने वाले बल का सूत्र स्थापित कीजिए? दो समांतर धारावाही चालकों के बीच बल  यदि धारावाहिक चालक तार के समीप एक अन्य धारावाही चालक रख दे तो इस  चालक तार पर पहले वाले चालक तार से उत्पन्न चुंबकीय क्षेत्र के कारण एक बल...

What is the atomic model of magnetism? Explain magnetization and demagnetization of iron rod based on atomic model of magnetism? Atomic model of magnetism Each atom of a substance is a small magnet. Orbital rotation and rotation of the electrons present in the atom produces a magnetic moment in the atom. In the atomic model of magnetism, the orbital rotation and rotation of the electron has been considered to be the root cause of magnetism in matter and On the basis of this, the magnetism of various substances is explained. Iron rod magnetization and demagnetization based on atomic model According to the atomic model, the atoms of each iron magnetic substance have some interaction between them, due to which innumerable superfluous areas of matter are formed inside the substance. Is zero when they are placed in external magnetic field, then the magnetic axis of these domes align in the direction of magnetic field and the iron rod becomes magnet. To eliminate the magnetization of a magne...

Describe the different types of magnetic materials and write their properties? Describe the special properties of ferromagnetic materials? Properties of magnetic materials Faraday observed that some properties of magnetism are found in all substances. They divided the substances into the following three classes based on their behavior by placing them in a magnetic field. 1) Antimagnetic material 2) Non magnetic material 3) Iron magnetic material 1) Antimagnetic material Substances that are placed in external magnetic fields become weakly magnetized in the opposite direction of the field, and when substances are brought near the end of a powerful magnet, they are attracted towards that end. This property is called anti-magnetism like-Bi, Sb, Au, Zn, Cu, Ag, Nacl, Hg, C etc. Properties of Antimagnetic material a) When the rods of these materials hang freely between the magnetic poles, the axis of Chhath rotates and becomes perpendicular to the magnetic field.The poles produced at the...

Explain the Para magnetism based on atomic model Explain the origin of paramagnetism based on atomic model? What is the reason for the origin of polarization? What is the effect of magnetic field on them? What is the difference in the behavior of external magnetic fields and external magnetic fields of ferromagnetic materials? Explain iron magnetism based on atomic model of magnetism/? Answer 1. Explanation of paramagnetism a) Paramagnetism Cause of origin The properties of magnetism per se are found in those substances whose atoms or atoms have the same number of electrons and 2–2 electrons together form a pair in which one electron rotates in the opposite direction to another electron, hence the war The electrons cancel each other's magnetic moment, thus the net magnetic moment of the atoms of the electromagnetic material is zero. b) External magnetic field effect When the electromagnetic materials are placed in an external magnet field, the magnetic field increases the velocity ...

What are the components of geo-magnetism? Establish the relationship between the horizontal component and the upward component of the intensity of the Earth's magnetic field and the angle of damping? Or Explain the angle of difficulty, the angle of damping and the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field? Components of geomagnetism Magnetism or Magnetic Properties of the Earth Magnetism The amounts needed to study the magnetism of the Earth at a location are components of the Earth's magnetic field at that location. There are 3 components of the Earth's magnetic field. 1) Angled angle  2) Angle of view 3) Horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field. 1) Angled angle The angle between the magnetic Angled and geo-magnetic at a place on the earth's floor is called the angle of collision of that place. 2) Angle of view The angle between the direction of the resultant magnetic field of the earth and the horizontal direction of the earth at a place is ...

War of Tarain On hearing this, Prithviraj was preparing to attack Punjab, Mohammad Ghori also moved towards Punjab, between the army of the two kings, in a place called Tarain, in the war of 1991 AD, Mohammad Ghori was defeated and Prithviraj fled to save his life in Punjab. Mohammed Ghauri was merged in his kingdom for 1 year and in the meantime he gathered the strength of his army. In 1992 AD, Gauri attacked Prithviraj again. Prithviraj sought help from the surrounding kings and collected more than three lakh soldiers. Secondly, Gauri had only 120000 soldiers but he had a strong squad of horsemen and horsemen. He was equipped with strong steel armor, he could attack quickly and came at a fast speed, he was skilled in archery, he started an attack from Prithviraj's side and he pushed the elephant rapidly and crushed the army of Ghori in this way. The horsemen of Mohammad Gauri went ahead and surrounded the elephants on three sides and started showering arrows on them, the injured ...

India in terms of Alberuni Al-Biruni, or Alberuni, was a renowned Persian scholar, mathematician, astronomer, and historian who made significant contributions to various fields, including Indology. He visited India during the 11th century and extensively studied Indian culture, science, and religion. Al-Biruni's work in India provides valuable insights into the country's society and intellectual achievements during his time. Here are some key aspects of Al-Biruni's contributions regarding India: 1. "Kitab al-Hind" (The Book of India): Al-Biruni's most significant work related to India is his book "Kitab al-Hind," where he documented his observations about Indian society, culture, science, and religion. This comprehensive work provides valuable information about India in the 11th century. 2. Language and Literature: Al-Biruni learned Sanskrit, the classical language of ancient India, and translated several Indian texts into Arabic. His translations ...