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Different types of magnetic materials | Properties of magnetic materials

Describe the different types of magnetic materials and write their properties?

Describe the special properties of ferromagnetic materials?

Properties of magnetic materials

Faraday observed that some properties of magnetism are found in all substances. They divided the substances into the following three classes based on their behavior by placing them in a magnetic field.
1) Antimagnetic material 2) Non magnetic material 3) Iron magnetic material

1) Antimagnetic material

Substances that are placed in external magnetic fields become weakly magnetized in the opposite direction of the field, and when substances are brought near the end of a powerful magnet, they are attracted towards that end. This property is called anti-magnetism like-Bi, Sb, Au, Zn, Cu, Ag, Nacl, Hg, C etc.

Properties of Antimagnetic material

a) When the rods of these materials hang freely between the magnetic poles, the axis of Chhath rotates and becomes perpendicular to the magnetic field.The poles produced at the ends of the rods are the same as opposite magnetic poles.

b) When the solution of these substances is filled in the tube and puts one arm of the tube between the strong magnetic poles, then the bottom of the solution falls in that arm.

c) When these materials are placed in an uneven magnetic field, they are attracted from the high intensity part to the low intensity part.

d) Their magnetic tendency does not depend on heat

e) Their expected magnetization is slightly less than 1 and greater than zero

f) Their magnetic tendency is negative and low.

2. Paramagnetic material

Substances that are placed in the external magnetic field fade away in the direction of the field and when these materials are brought near the end of a powerful magnet, they are attracted towards that end, called the electromagnetic material. This property of substances is called paramagnetism. like-Pt, Al, Na, Cr, etc.

Properties Of  Paramagnetic material

When the rods of these materials are placed freely between the magnetic poles, the axis of the rod rotates parallel to the magnetic field. The poles at the ends of the rod are opposite to the magnetic pole.

a)When the solution of these substances is filled in a tube, keeping one arm of the tube between the strong magnetic poles, then the bottom of the solution rises in that arm.

b) When the solution of these substances is filled in the U-tube and puts one arm of the tube between the strong magnetic poles, the bottom of the solution rises in that arm.

c) When these materials are placed in an uneven magnetic field, they are attracted to the low intensity part to the high intensity part.

d)Their magnetic tendency is inversely proportional to the ultimate temperature.

e) Its expected magnetism is slightly less than one plus two.

f) Its magnetic tendency is positive and low.

3. Ferromagnetic material

Substances that are placed in external magnetic fields are strongly magnetized in the direction of the field and when these materials are brought close to the end of a powerful magnet, they are rapidly attracted towards that end of iron magnetic material. This property of substances is called iron magnetism. as example Fe, Co, Ni etc

Properties of Ferromagnetic material

a) These materials are attracted by the magnet
b)Its expected magnet strength is much greater than one
c) In these substances, all the properties of paramagnetic substances are found more strongly.
d)Their magnetic tendency is positive and high.


Different types of magnetic materials in Hindi (विभिन्न प्रकार की चुंबकीय सामग्री इन हिंदी)


चुंबकीय पदार्थों के विभिन्न प्रकारों का वर्णन कीजिए तथा उनके गुणों को लिखिए?

लौह चुंबकीय पदार्थों के विशेष गुणों की विवेचना कीजिए?

चुंबकीय पदार्थों के गुण

फराडे ने देखा कि सभी पदार्थों में चुंबकत्व के कुछ न कुछ गुण पाए जाते हैं उन्होंने पदार्थों को चुंबकीय क्षेत्र में रखकर इनके व्यवहार के आधार पर निम्नलिखित तीन वर्गों में विभाजित किया १) प्रतिचुंबकीय पदार्थ २) अनु चुंबकीय पदार्थ ३) लौह  चुंबकीय पदार्थ.

 १) प्रतिचुंबकीय पदार्थ 

वे पदार्थ जो वाह्य चुंबकीय क्षेत्र में रखे जाने पर क्षेत्र के विपरीत दिशा में क्षीण  चुंबकीय हो जाते हैं तथा जब पदार्थों को किसी शक्तिशाली चुंबक के सिरे के समीप लाया जाता है तो यह उस सिरे की ओर कुछ आकर्षित होते हैं प्रतिचुंबकीय पदार्थ कहलाते हैं पदार्थों के इस गुण को प्रति चुंबकत्व कहते हैं जैसे-Bi, Sb, Au, Zn, Cu, Ag, Nacl, Hg, C etc.

a) जब इन पदार्थों की छड़ को चुंबकीय ध्रुव के बीच स्वतंत्रता पूर्वक लटकाते हैं तो छठ की अक्ष घूम कर चुंबकीय क्षेत्र से लंबवत हो जाती है छड़ के सिरों पर उत्पन्न ध्रुव सम्मुख चुंबकीय ध्रुवो के समान ही होते हैं
b) जब इन पदार्थों के घोल को नली  में भरकर नली की एक भुजा को प्रबल चुंबकीय ध्रुवो  के बीच रखते हैं तो उस भुजा में घोल का तल गिर जाता है. 
c) जब इन पदार्थो को असमान चुंबकीय क्षेत्र में रखा जाता है तो अधिक तीव्रता वाले भाग से कम तीव्रता वाले भाग की ओर आकर्षित होते हैं. 
d) इनके चुंबकीय प्रवृत्ति ताप पर निर्भर नहीं करती
e) इनकी अपेक्षित चुंबकशीलता १ से थोड़ा कम और शून्य से अधिक होती है
f) उनकी चुंबकीय प्रवृत्ति ऋणात्मक एवं कम होती है

2. अनुचुंबकीय पदार्थ

वे पदार्थ जो वाह्य चुम्बकीय क्षेत्र में रखे जाने पर क्षेत्र की दिशा में क्षीण चुंबकीत हो जाते है तथा जब इन पदार्थो को किसी शक्तिशाली चुम्बक के सिरे के समीप लाया जाता है तो ये उस सिरे की ओर आकर्षित होते है , अनुचुम्बकीय पदार्थ कहलाते है। पदार्थो के इस गुण को अनुचुम्बकत्व कहते है. जैसे --Pt, Al, Na, Cr आदि.

अनुचुंबकीय पदार्थ गुण

a) जब इन पदार्थों की छड़ों को चुंबकीय ध्रुवो के बीच में स्वतंत्रता पूर्वक लगाते हैं तो छड़ की अक्ष घूमकर चुंबकीय क्षेत्र के समांतर हो जाती है छड़ के सिरों पर उत्पन्न ध्रुव  सम्मुख चुंबकीय ध्रुव के विपरीत होते हैं। 

b) जब इन पदार्थों के घोल को U-नली में भरकर नली की एक भुजा को प्रबल चुंबकीय ध्रुवो  के बीच रखते हैं तो उस भुजा में घोल का तल ऊपर उठ जाता है।  

c) जब इन पदार्थों को असमान चुंबकीय क्षेत्र में रखा जाता है तो यह कम तीव्रता वाले भाग से अधिक तीव्रता वाले भाग की ओर आकर्षित होते हैं।  

d)इनके चुंबकीय प्रवृत्ति परम ताप के ब्युत्क्रमानुपाती होती है।

e) इसकी अपेक्षित चुंबकशीलता एक से थोड़ा अधिक दो से कम होती है। 

f) इसकी चुंबकीय  प्रवृत्ति धनात्मक एवं कम होती है। 

3. लौह चुंबकीय पदार्थ

वे पदार्थ जो वाह्य चुंबकीय क्षेत्र में रखे जाने पर क्षेत्र की दिशा में प्रबल रूप से चुंबकीत हो जाते हैं तथा जब इन पदार्थों को किसी शक्तिशाली चुंबक के सिरे से समीप लाया जाता है तो यह तेजी से उस सिरे की ओर आकर्षित होते हैं लौह  चुंबकीय पदार्थ कहलाते हैं पदार्थों के इस गुण को लौह चुंबकत्व करते हैं। जैसे-Fe, Co, Ni etc

लौह चुंबकीय पदार्थ के गुण 

a)ये पदार्थ चुंबक द्वारा आकर्षित कर लिए जाते हैं 
b)इसकी अपेक्षित चुंबक सिलता एक से बहुत अधिक होती है
c) इन पदार्थों में अनुचुंबकीय पदार्थों के सभी गुण अधिक प्रबलता से पाए जाते हैं।
d) इनकी चुंबकीय प्रवृत्ति धनात्मक एवं अधिक होती है। 

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