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DBMS–Data Independence Data independence can be explained using three-schema architecture. Data independence refers to being able to modify the schema at one level of the database system, without changing the schema at a higher level. There are two types of data independence: 1. Logical Data Independence Logical data independence refers to the attribute of being able to change the conceptual schema without changing the external schema. Logical data independence is used to separate the external level from the conceptual view. If we make any changes in the conceptual view of the data, then the user view of the data will not be affected. There is logical data independence at the user interface level.  2. Physical Data Independence Physical data independence can be defined as the ability to change the internal schema without changing the conceptual schema. If we make any changes in the storage size of the database system server, then the conceptual structure of the database will not be...