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What is Mandal theory OR Mandala Siddhanta? Kautilya has described the Mandal theory in the sixth chapter of Arthashastra.  In relation to dealing with other states, Acharya Kautilya has discussed two principles - Mandal principle to establish relations with neighboring states and Shadgunya policy to determine the behavior with other states.  Mandal means "group of countries".   He has mentioned 12 types of countries in the circle - 'Vijigishu', 'Ari', 'Mitra', 'Ari-Mitra', 'Mitra-Mitra', 'Ari-Mitra-Mitra', 'Parshnigraha', 'Akrand'.  ' , 'Parshnigrahasar', 'Akrandasara', 'Madhyama' and 'Nidal' countries.  According to the Mandal Theory, Indian society is traditionally divided into various social groups or castes. These castes are hierarchically organized, with certain castes considered higher in status and others lower. The theory emphasizes the rigid social structure and the ...