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Ganne se Ethanol bnaana

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 गन्ने से पेट्रोल में मिलाने वाला पदार्थ एथेनॉल (Ethanol) बनता है। इसे बायो-एथेनॉल भी कहते हैं। नीचे आसान भाषा में पूरा तरीका समझिए 👇

गन्ने से एथेनॉल कैसे बनता है?

1️⃣ गन्ने से रस निकालना

  • गन्ने को क्रश करके उसका रस निकाला जाता है।

  • इस रस में शक्कर (Sucrose) होती है।

2️⃣ शक्कर को अल्कोहल में बदलना (Fermentation)

  • गन्ने के रस में खमीर (Yeast) मिलाया जाता है।

  • Yeast शक्कर को तोड़कर एथेनॉल (Alcohol) और कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड (CO₂) बनाता है।

  • यह प्रक्रिया 2–3 दिन चलती है।

👉 रासायनिक क्रिया:

C6H12O6 → 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2

3️⃣ आसवन प्रक्रिया (Distillation)

  • बने हुए घोल को गरम किया जाता है।

  • एथेनॉल जल्दी उबलकर भाप बन जाता है।

  • भाप को ठंडा करके शुद्ध एथेनॉल अलग किया जाता है।

4️⃣ डिहाइड्रेशन (पानी हटाना)

  • पेट्रोल में मिलाने के लिए एथेनॉल में से लगभग पूरा पानी निकालना जरूरी होता है।

  • इससे 99.5% शुद्ध एथेनॉल मिलता है।

पेट्रोल में कैसे मिलाया जाता है?

  • भारत में अभी E10 (10% एथेनॉल + 90% पेट्रोल)

  • धीरे-धीरे E20 (20% एथेनॉल) की ओर बढ़ रहे हैं।

गन्ने से बने एथेनॉल के फायदे 🌱

✔ पेट्रोल की खपत कम होती है
✔ प्रदूषण कम होता है
✔ किसानों को फायदा
✔ देश का विदेशी तेल पर खर्च कम

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