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Economy life of Indus valley: The Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300–1300 BCE) was one of the world's earliest urban cultures, and it is characterized by advanced urban planning, trade, and a complex economic system.  Here are key aspects of economic life in the Indus Valley: 1. Agriculture: Agriculture was a fundamental aspect of the economy. The Indus people cultivated a variety of crops, including wheat, barley, peas, and sesame. The use of an advanced irrigation system, including canals and drains, allowed for efficient agricultural practices. 2. Trade and Commerce: The Indus Valley Civilization was involved in extensive trade both within the civilization's cities and with regions outside. Trade routes connected the Indus Valley with Mesopotamia and other parts of the Indian subcontinent. Goods such as pottery, beads, textiles, and precious stones were traded. 3. Urban Centers: The cities of the Indus Valley, including Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, were well-planned and organiz...

Skanda Kartikeya:  Skanda, also known as Kartikeya, is a significant deity in Hinduism, especially revered as the son of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati. Worship of Skanda Kartikeya is often associated with valor, courage, and wisdom.  Here are some aspects and practices related to Skanda Kartikeya worship: Aspects of Skanda Kartikeya: 1. Warrior God: Skanda is often depicted as a young warrior with six faces and twelve hands, riding a peacock. He is associated with war and is considered a commander of the army of the gods. 2. Symbolism: The peacock, his mount, symbolizes vanity, and by riding it, Skanda is said to have conquered ego and pride. His spear symbolizes the power to overcome obstacles. 3. Graha (Planet): In Vedic astrology, Skanda is associated with the planet Mars (Mangala). Worshipers believe that propitiating Skanda can mitigate the negative effects of Mars in one's astrological chart. Practices for Skanda Kartikeya Worship: 1. Festivals: Skanda Shasti, a six-day...

What is Mandal theory OR Mandala Siddhanta? Kautilya has described the Mandal theory in the sixth chapter of Arthashastra.  In relation to dealing with other states, Acharya Kautilya has discussed two principles - Mandal principle to establish relations with neighboring states and Shadgunya policy to determine the behavior with other states.  Mandal means "group of countries".   He has mentioned 12 types of countries in the circle - 'Vijigishu', 'Ari', 'Mitra', 'Ari-Mitra', 'Mitra-Mitra', 'Ari-Mitra-Mitra', 'Parshnigraha', 'Akrand'.  ' , 'Parshnigrahasar', 'Akrandasara', 'Madhyama' and 'Nidal' countries.  According to the Mandal Theory, Indian society is traditionally divided into various social groups or castes. These castes are hierarchically organized, with certain castes considered higher in status and others lower. The theory emphasizes the rigid social structure and the ...

Jayant Vishnu Narlikar: Indian Astrophysicist and Cosmologist Jayant Vishnu Narlikar, born on July 19, 1938, in Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India, is a renowned Indian astrophysicist and cosmologist. He has made significant contributions to the fields of cosmology, astronomy, and astrophysics. Here is a brief biography of Jayant Vishnu Narlikar: Biography of Mridula Sarabhai | Life of Mridula Sarabhai Early Life and Education: Jayant Narlikar was born into a family of scholars. His father, Vishnu Vasudeva Narlikar, was a mathematician. Jayant showed exceptional aptitude for science from a young age. He completed his Bachelor's and Master's degrees in Science from Banaras Hindu University. Later, he earned his Ph.D. in Astrophysics from the University of Cambridge, England, under the guidance of the renowned astrophysicist Fred Hoyle. Biography of Maniben Patel | Life of Maniben Patel Career and Contributions of Jayant Vishnu Narlikar: Narlikar's contributions to astrophysics are...

Biography of Amrita Pritam Amrita Pritam (1919-2005): A Renowned Indian Writer and Poet Amrita Pritam, born on August 31, 1919, in Gujranwala, British India (now in Pakistan), was a prominent Indian writer and poet. She is celebrated for her poignant poetry and insightful literary works, which explored themes of love, loss, and the human condition. Here is a brief biography of Amrita Pritam: Biography of Hadi Rani Early Life: Amrita Pritam was born to a Sikh family in undivided Punjab. She began writing poetry at a young age, displaying exceptional talent. Her early works were published in literary magazines, and she gained recognition as a skilled poet even before adulthood. Biography of Savitribai Phule | Life of Savitribai Phule at a Glance Amrita's Literary Career: Amrita Pritam's literary career spanned over six decades. She wrote poetry, novels, essays, and short stories in Punjabi and later in Hindi and Urdu. Her poetry collections, including "Amrit Lehran" and...

Biography of Sonia Gandhi: Sonia Gandhi, whose full name is Sonia Rajiv Gandhi, was born on December 9, 1946, in Lusiana, a small village near Vicenza, Italy. She is an Indian politician and the widow of former Prime Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi. Sonia Gandhi is also the former President of the Indian National Congress, one of the major political parties in India. Early Life of Sonia Gandhi: Sonia Gandhi was born into a traditional Italian family. Her father, Stefano Maino, was a building contractor, and her mother, Paola Maino, was a housewife. She met Rajiv Gandhi, the son of then-Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, while studying in Cambridge, England. They got married in 1968. Sonia Gandhi entry into Indian Politics: Sonia Gandhi entered Indian politics after the assassination of her husband, Rajiv Gandhi, in 1991. Initially, she stayed away from politics, focusing on raising her two children, Rahul and Priyanka. However, she was thrust into the political limelight after constant urgi...

Biography of Hadi Rani Hadi Rani, also known as Maharani Hadi, was a legendary figure and a folk heroine from Rajasthan, India. Her story is deeply embedded in the cultural fabric of Rajasthan, celebrated through folklore, songs, and oral traditions. While her story is largely legendary, it holds significant cultural and historical importance in the region. Biography of Savitribai Phule | Life of Savitribai Phule at a Glance Biography of Mridula Sarabhai | Life of Mridula Sarabhai The Legend of Hadi Rani: According to the popular legend, Hadi Rani was the wife of Maharana Chundawat, the ruler of Salumbar in Mewar, Rajasthan, during the 17th century. During a battle, the soldiers of Mewar faced a severe shortage of water. In the midst of the battle, Hadi Rani, known for her beauty and bravery, realized the dire situation. She made a courageous decision to sacrifice her life to provide water to the thirsty soldiers. Biography of Maniben Patel | Life of Maniben Patel Hadi Rani asked her h...

Biography of Savitribai Phule Savitribai Phule (3 January 1831 – 10 March 1897) was a social reformer, educationist, and poet from Maharashtra, India. She is regarded as one of the earliest feminists in Indian history and played a significant role in championing the cause of women's education and social equality during the British colonial rule in India. Early Life of Savitribai Phule Savitribai was born in Naigaon, Maharashtra, into a farming family. Despite facing social and economic challenges, she was encouraged by her progressive family to pursue education. She was married to Jyotirao Phule, another prominent social reformer, at the age of nine. Social and Educational Reform of Savitribai Phule: Savitribai and her husband, Jyotirao Phule, worked tirelessly to abolish social evils such as caste discrimination and untouchability prevalent in the Indian society of their time. They established the first school for girls in Pune in 1848, breaking gender barriers and providing educa...

Prabhat Singh Bhadauria Wiki, Ahead, Kasate, Girlfriend, Net Worth, Biography Prabhat Singh Bhadauriya is a young famous Indian social media celebrity currently having more than 50k plus  followers on Instagram and had over 1 million followers on Tiktok. In this article, know more about Prabhat’s lifestyle, fashion, biography & net worth details. Biography of Sudarsan Pattnaik | Sudarshan Patnaik's Special work Biography of Prabhat Singh Bhadauriya Prabhat Singh is an Indian Tiktok celebrity and freelancing model from Mumbai India . He was born on 13 December 2000 and his current age is 21 . He has more than 1 million followers in Tiktok, 50k plus followers on Instagram and currently trending all over the internet. Biography of Rajkumar Hirani | Rajkumar Hirani's Life Real Name Prabhat Singh Bhadauriya  Nickname Prabhat Age 21 years Profession Freelancing Model Famous For Lip-sync videos DOB 13 December  2000 Zodiac Sign Capricorn Biography of Johnny Lever | Johnny Le...

Biography of Mridula Sarabhai  Mridula Sarabhai (1911-1974) was a renowned Indian freedom fighter, social activist, and politician. She came from the illustrious Sarabhai family, which was known for its contributions to the fields of industry, art, and culture in India. Here's an overview of her life and achievements: Early Life: Mridula Sarabhai was born on November 22, 1911, in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. She was the daughter of Ambalal Sarabhai, a prominent industrialist and philanthropist, and Sarladevi, a social worker. Growing up in a progressive and influential family, she imbibed the values of social service and activism from an early age. Freedom Struggle of Mridula Sarabhai: Mridula Sarabhai actively participated in the Indian freedom movement. She was deeply influenced by Mahatma Gandhi's ideals and actively participated in various campaigns, including the Salt Satyagraha and Quit India Movement. She faced imprisonment several times during her involvement in these mov...

Biography of Maniben Patel Maniben Patel (3 March 1903 – 15 December 1990) was an Indian independence activist and the daughter of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, one of the key leaders in India's struggle for independence from British colonial rule. Maniben Patel played a significant role in supporting her father's political activities and later became a prominent political figure in her own right. Early Life and Education of Maniben Patel : Born in Karamsad, Gujarat, Maniben was the youngest child of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and his wife, Diwaliben. She received her education in England and later became involved in India's freedom movement under the influence of her father. Kheda Satyagraha Maniben Patel Supporting Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel: During the Indian independence movement, Maniben played a crucial role in supporting her father's activities. She managed his correspondence, maintained his schedule, and organized his meetings. Her dedication and administrative abilitie...

Biography of Nur Jahan Nur Jahan, born Mehr-un-Nissa, was one of the most powerful and influential women in the Mughal Empire during the 17th century. She was the twentieth and favorite wife of Emperor Jahangir, and her remarkable intelligence, political acumen, and administrative skills led her to effectively rule the Mughal Empire. Biography of JijaBai | Life of JijaBai Early Life of Nur Jahan Nur Jahan was born in 1577 in Kandahar, present-day Afghanistan, into a family of Persian nobility. Her family was taken captive by Emperor Akbar, and she was subsequently brought to the Mughal court as a young girl. Her first marriage was to a Persian officer, Ali Quli Istajlu. Biography of Attila Hun | Life of Attila Hun Nur JahanMarriage to Emperor Jahangir: After her first husband's death, Mehr-un-Nissa was remarried to Emperor Jahangir in 1611. Following their marriage, she received the title Nur Jahan, meaning "Light of the World." She quickly became Jahangir's favorite ...

Biography of JijaBai Jijabai, also known as Rajmata Jijabai, was the mother of the Maratha king Shivaji Maharaj, who founded the Maratha Empire in western India during the 17th century. She was a key figure in Shivaji's life and played a significant role in shaping his character and worldview. Biography of Bachendri Pal | Life of Bachendri Pal Early Life of JijaBai Jijabai was born in 1598 to Lakhujirao Jadhav, a nobleman and the head of the clan of the Jadhav family, in the town of Sindkhed Raja in Maharashtra, India. She grew up in a culturally rich and influential family, which instilled in her a deep sense of pride and respect for her Marathi heritage. Biography of Attila Hun | Life of Attila Hun Marriage and Family of JijaBai: In 1605, Jijabai was married to Shahaji Bhonsle, a Maratha nobleman and military officer in the service of the Adil Shahi Sultanate of Bijapur. Together, they had several children, with Shivaji being the most prominent among them. Biography of KM Cariapp...

 Throw light on the land and sea trade routes of ancient India. Preface: He also took control of the west-going ceremony and the waterway.  After recovering the Indus Valley from the Seleucus and annexing the interior, the Mauryas on the north-west and west land routes that brought India to the Mediterranean Sea, important routes and ports under the Magadha Empire and as a result of the Kalinga conquest took full control of eastern trade.  What had been a potential competition also came to an end and the process of overcoming trade routes was completed.   We get to know about the following important routes: *-Connecting the Middle Ganges Plain to the Low Plains and the Eastern Seas *- Connecting the High Godavari Valley of the Middle Ganges Plain and the South-West Coast *- Central Ganges Plain joining the Indus Valley and Gandhara  Vala Terrestrial Trade Routes of India:  1. Uttarapatha 2. Dakshinapatha 3. Silk Route, Uttarapatha:  where he liste...

Biography of Bachendri Pal Bachendri Pal is an Indian mountaineer, who, in 1984, became the first Indian woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world. Her remarkable achievement brought her national and international recognition, and she became a symbol of women's empowerment in India. Early Life of Bachendri Pal: Bachendri Pal was born on May 24, 1954, in Nakuri, a small village in the Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand, India. Growing up in a humble family, she developed an interest in mountaineering at an early age. Mountaineering Career of Bachendri Pal: Bachendri Pal's journey in mountaineering began when she joined the Uttarkashi-based Nehru Institute of Mountaineering (NIM) in 1982. Under the guidance of her instructors and her own determination, she quickly excelled in the sport. In 1984, she was selected to be a part of the first Indian women's team to attempt the ascent of Mount Everest. 50 beautiful places to visit in India | My exper...