Sunday, March 28, 2021
Pitt's India Act 1784:
The Pitt's India Act of 1784, officially known as the East India Company Act 1784, was a significant piece of legislation passed by the British Parliament during the reign of King George III. The act was named after the British Prime Minister at the time, William Pitt the Younger. The main purpose of the act was to address the issues arising from the management and governance of British territories in India by the East India Company.
Key features and provisions of the Pitt's India Act of 1784:
1. Reorganization of the East India Company:
The act sought to reorganize the structure of the East India Company's governance in India to improve accountability and control.
2. Establishment of the Board of Control:
The act established a new government body called the Board of Control in England. This board was created to oversee and direct the political and military affairs of the East India Company in India.
3. Composition of the Board of Control:
The Board of Control consisted of six members, including the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Secretary of State for War, and four Privy Councillors nominated by the King. The President of the Board was the senior member of the British Cabinet.
4. Powers of the Board of Control:
The Board of Control had the authority to supervise and direct the company's policies, particularly in matters related to revenue, diplomacy, and military affairs.
5. Separation of Commercial and Political Functions:
The act aimed to separate the commercial and political functions of the East India Company. The company was to focus on trade and commerce, while the Board of Control was responsible for political and administrative matters.
6. Governor-General's Council:
The act expanded the Governor-General's Council in Calcutta and provided for the appointment of a fourth member. This fourth member was given the title of "Governor-General's Counsel" and had no vote unless there was a tie.
7. Appointment of the Governor-General:
The Governor-General of Bengal was to be appointed by the Crown, and his powers were enhanced under the supervision of the Board of Control.
8. Reports and Communication:
Regular reports and communications were required between the Governor-General in India and the Board of Control in England, ensuring better communication and oversight.
9. Duration and Amendment:
The provisions of the Pitt's India Act were intended to be in force for a limited duration. However, the act was later amended and extended by subsequent legislation.
The Pitt's India Act of 1784 was a significant step in the British government's attempt to exert greater control over the East India Company's operations in India and prevent abuses of power. It marked a shift in the governance of British territories in India and laid the groundwork for further changes in the following decades.