Monday, August 12, 2019
Biography of Richard Francis Burton:
Sir Richard Francis Burton KCMG FRGS was a British explorer, writer, orientalist scholar, and soldier. He was born in Torquay, Devonshire, England in 1821 and died in Trieste, Austria-Hungary (now in Italy) in 1890. Burton was the first European to discover Lake Tanganyika and to penetrate hitherto-forbidden Muslim cities. He published 43 volumes on his explorations and almost 30 volumes of translations, including an unexpurgated translation of The Arabian Nights. According to one count, he spoke twenty-nine languages.
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| Biography of Richard Francis Burton |
Burton’s best-known achievements include: a well-documented journey to Mecca in disguise, at a time when non-Muslims were forbidden access on pain of death; an unexpurgated translation of One Thousand and One Nights (commonly called The Arabian Nights in English after early translations of Antoine Galland’s French version); the publication of the Kama Sutra in English; a translation of The Perfumed Garden, the “Arab Kama Sutra”; and a journey with John Hanning Speke as the first Europeans to visit the Great Lakes of Africa in search of the source of the Nile.
Burton was a captain in the army of the East India Company, serving in India, and later briefly in the Crimean War. Following this, he was engaged by the Royal Geographical Society to explore the east coast of Africa, where he led an expedition guided by locals and was the first European known to have seen Lake Tanganyika.
Brief Biograph of Sir Richard Francis Burton:
Sir Richard Francis Burton (1821–1890) was a British explorer, geographer, translator, writer, soldier, orientalist, cartographer, ethnologist, spy, linguist, poet, fencer, and diplomat. He was known for his adventurous spirit, extensive travels, and deep knowledge of various cultures and languages.
Here is an overview of Richard Francis Burton's remarkable life:
Early Life:
Richard Burton was born on March 19, 1821, in Torquay, Devon, England.
He came from a well-to-do family and had a passion for languages and adventure from an early age.
Education:
Burton attended Oxford University, where he studied at Trinity College.
He was well-versed in numerous languages, including Arabic, Hindustani, Persian, and others.
Military Career of Richard Francis Burton:
Burton joined the British East India Company's army in 1842.
He served in the Indian subcontinent and became proficient in local languages and cultures.
Exploration and Travels:
One of Burton's most famous journeys was his pilgrimage to Mecca and the holy cities in disguise. He documented this in his book "Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Meccah."
Burton explored the African Great Lakes, searching for the source of the Nile River.
He made significant contributions to the understanding of East African cultures, languages, and geography.
Literary Works:
Burton was a prolific writer, and his literary output covered a wide range of topics.
He translated several literary and historical works, including "The Kama Sutra" and "The Arabian Nights."
His own writings included travelogues, poetry, and essays on anthropology and ethnography.
Diplomacy:
Burton served as a diplomat in various capacities, representing the British government in locations such as Fernando Po (modern-day Equatorial Guinea) and Brazil.
Later Life of Richard Francis Burton:
Burton continued his travels and writings throughout his life.
He died on October 20, 1890, in Trieste, Austria-Hungary (now Italy).
Legacy:
Burton's contributions to literature, exploration, and cultural understanding were immense.
His unapologetic approach to exploring taboo subjects and his keen observations of different cultures made him a controversial and influential figure of his time.
Richard Francis Burton's life and works continue to be subjects of fascination and study. His adventurous spirit, linguistic abilities, and contributions to the understanding of diverse cultures have left a lasting legacy.