Wednesday, August 14, 2019
Biography of Fahien
Faxian (also spelled as Fa-Hien or Fa Xian) was an ancient Chinese Buddhist monk and traveler who is best known for his pilgrimage to India in the early 5th century AD. His journey to India and the detailed account of his travels and observations are documented in his work, the "Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms" (also known as "A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms" or "Fo Guang Ji" in Chinese). Here is a brief biography of Faxian:
 |
| Biography of Fahien |
Early Life of Fahien:
Faxian was born in China, likely around 337 AD, during the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Inspired by his faith in Buddhism, he decided to undertake a pilgrimage to India, the birthplace of Buddhism and home to many important Buddhist sites.
Pilgrimage to India:
In 399 AD, Faxian embarked on his journey to India, traveling overland along the Silk Road and visiting several countries and Buddhist sites along the way. He spent several years in India, studying Buddhism, visiting sacred sites, and collecting Buddhist scriptures.
During his travels, Faxian visited places associated with the life of the Buddha, including Lumbini (the birthplace of Buddha in present-day Nepal), Bodh Gaya (where Buddha attained enlightenment), and Sarnath (where Buddha gave his first sermon). He also visited the ancient Buddhist centers of learning, such as Nalanda and Jetavana.
Return to China and Documentation of his Journey:
Faxian stayed in India for over a decade, studying Buddhist texts and the monastic discipline. He returned to China in 414 AD, bringing back with him a large collection of Buddhist scriptures, relics, and images. His return journey took him by sea, traveling through Sri Lanka and various Southeast Asian countries.
Upon his return to China, Faxian documented his extensive travels and observations in the "Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms." This text provides valuable historical and geographical information about the regions he visited, shedding light on the state of Buddhism in India during that period.
Description of society by Fahien:
Throwing light on the Tatkali society, Fahyan has said that people were guest guests. Garlic, onions, wines, meat, fish were not used in the food. Fahyan also mentions untouchable castes like the Chandals, who were socially boycotted in a way. The Vaishya caste was praised by Fahyan because it spent a lot of money in the promotion of Buddhism and building monasteries for the rest of the monks.
Legacy of Fahien:
Faxian's work, the "Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms," remains an essential source of information for historians and scholars studying ancient Buddhism, Indian history, and the Silk Road. His detailed account of his pilgrimage provides valuable insights into the spread and practice of Buddhism in ancient India and neighboring regions.
Faxian's pilgrimage and writings continue to inspire Buddhists and travelers, showcasing the profound dedication and curiosity of early Buddhist scholars and practitioners.