2018 Medical Nobel Prize | my experiences

2018 Medical Nobel Prize: James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo

This year the first announcement was made in the list of prestigious Nobel Prizes for the field of medicine. This time, this award is being given collectively to two people in the field of medicine. James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo are being given this honor for the discovery of Cancer Therapy. For the treatment of rare diseases of cancer, both scientists have developed such therapy, In the cells the immune system can be strengthened to fight the cancerous tumor. According to the Nobel Committee statement, Allison and Honjo in their quest showed that by certain strategies, Cancer treatment can be done by slowing down the speed of the defense system, and nine million Swedish crowns ($ 1 million) will be given in this award. Nobel Prize for Medicine is the first Nobel Prize in medicine. , Literature and peace, according to the will of the inventor of dynamite inventor Alfred Nobel, since 1901.

2018 Medical Nobel Prize

Allison and Honjo studied proteins that effectively protect the body and its immune system Chessao from the invasion of tumor koshiacao. The cells of these immune system are also called T cells. Allison is a Professor at the University of Texas's MD Anderson Cancer Center. He studied a protein that acts as a break for the cells of the immune system. He found that if this break was removed, then the cells of the immune system would be able to better protect the cancer tumor cells. Worked at Kyoto University since 1984, who independently discovered another protein that acts as a break in the immune system cells, but its procedure differs from the discovered protein by Allison. Their research could prove to be a milestone in the treatment of deadly disease cancer. According to them, our body's immune system can fight cancer. This has opened new doors for the treatment of cancer. Until now, the treatment of cancer was limited to cortical, radiation and chemotherapy. Now it is considered to be the fourth stage of treatment. Cancer is an incurable disease for many people. People hear the name only after listening to it. What is common and what is special, this disease has taken the lives of thousands of people. In such a way, if the body becomes helpless in front of cancer, if he becomes the weapon in front of this disease? According to research this year's Nobel winners, the body's immune system has the ability to fight cancer. Just need to increase it. In this way a new theory has been established in cancer therapy. Dr. Ellison and Honjo worked differently in the 1990s to prove how certain proteins present in the body act as a 'break' on the T-cell of the immune system and prevent them from fighting cancer cells. By disabling such proteins, the ability to fight cancer cells can be increased. In this way our body can become a cancer drug itself.

Comment of Dr Skanda Shukla on this Nobel Prize:

The 2018 Nobel prize goes forward. The two people who have received this award have worked on two molecules. The two molecules on James P. Allison's research and Tasuko Hanoo are the certificates of cancer cells from which they fight and protect their lymphocytes of our body. You understand this as Cancer cells are the only cells in the human body, which have no control over their growth. They compete for normal food and place with normal cells and subdue them. This is the reason that eventually man dies. It is not that our immune system does not fight with these cells or tries to destroy them. But if the police are trying to destroy any culprit, then the culprit is also vicious and it is in danger of concealing his identity. So many cancer cells in such a way dodge these protective lymphocytes of the body.

Like other normal cells on the surface of cancer cells, proteins called some antigens are present, which they present in T lymphocytes (a type of lymphocytes). These proteins bind the cancer cells in the molecule called MHC1 and connect to the T cell receptor, which is present on the surface of T lymphocytes. In this way, an MHC1 + antigen + T cell becomes a joint of the receptor. Every cell in the body has to give identification to T lymphocytes, it is a type of rule. Now after this contact, cancer may also cause some other molecules on the cells. These molecules can be co-stimulatory and co-stimuli. Cooperative molecules are CD-80 and CD-86. When this lymphocyte is attached to this molecule on cancerous cells, it will be ready to attack. Coenzyme molecules are CTLA 4 and PD1. These molecules, but when lymphocytes join, then a different event occurs. Now the lymphocytes which were previously preparing to kill cancerous cells, become inactive. That is the second contact after the MHC1 + antigen _ T cell receptor, the intention of the protector lymphocyte to change that he refused to kill the enemy. Now the body is poor! Cancer has tricked the soldiers of the body! Then understand again like this:

1. (First stage) from the T cell receptor of MHC 1 + antigen (on cancer-cell) connected lymphocyte.
2. Then, if the CD-80 or CD-86 (cancer-cell) linked lymphocytes connected to the lymphocytes, then it was ready for attack and destroyed cancer cells. (Second possibility, which gives the success of killing cancerous cells.)
3. But if the lymphocytes were replaced instead of CD 80 and 86, then it became inactivated from the CTLA4 or PD1 of the cancer cell. (The second possibility, which gives failure to kill cancerous cells, i.e. cancer survives.) (Obviously the cancer cells are smart, they will grow most of the CTL4 and PD1 on their body, not CD 80 / 86! Identify them by yourself, only to die, at the hands of lymphocytes!)

Now here Alison and Hojo duo get together in the field. They make some medicines that do not allow contact with Lymphocytes of CTLA 4 and PD1 overgrown on cancerous cells. Join them already. Consequent lymphocytes will not be misguided and can kill cancer cells normally. Through this work, science has been successful in fighting many cancers and this technology has been called immunotherapy. It is not that immunotherapy is new. It has been practiced for many years. A lot of medicines are available under this. The Nobel Prize is being used by humans for a long time, whatever work they get. Noble is not given only on theoretical works; It is very important to be human-beneficial in their broad form.

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