Sunday, March 28, 2021
Reform movement in South India:
South India has been historically significant for various social and religious reform movements. Here are a few notable reform movements in South India:
1. Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Brahmo Samaj in Tamil Nadu: Although Raja Ram Mohan Roy's Brahmo Samaj originated in Bengal, its principles of monotheism and social reform inspired movements in other parts of India, including Tamil Nadu. Leaders like K. Sridharalu Naidu and Viresalingam Pantulu advocated for social reforms, women's education, and widow remarriage under the Brahmo Samaj influence.
2. Sri Narayana Guru and Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam (SNDP) Movement in Kerala: Sri Narayana Guru was a social reformer, spiritual leader, and poet in Kerala. He emphasized education, social equality, and the upliftment of the oppressed classes. The SNDP Movement, inspired by his teachings, worked for the social and educational advancement of the Ezhava community and other marginalized groups in Kerala.
3. Justice Party in Tamil Nadu: The Justice Party, later known as the Dravidar Kazhagam (DK), was a political party in Tamil Nadu that played a significant role in social reform and the eradication of caste-based discrimination. Leaders like Periyar E. V. Ramasamy led movements against untouchability, advocated for women's rights, and promoted rationalism and atheism.
4. Ayyankali and Self-Respect Movement in Kerala: Ayyankali was a social reformer from the Dalit Pulaya community in Kerala. He worked to abolish untouchability and fought for the rights of the Dalit community, advocating for access to public roads and schools. His efforts laid the foundation for the Dalit movement in Kerala.
5. Basava Dharma in Karnataka: Basava Dharma, also known as Lingayatism, originated in Karnataka and emphasized social equality, devotion, and rejecting the caste system. The movement, led by Basavanna, aimed at creating a casteless society and promoting a sense of equality among its followers.
These reform movements in South India contributed significantly to social progress, education, and the eradication of oppressive social practices, shaping the region's cultural and societal landscape.