Wednesday, September 9, 2020
Ruins obtained from Indus Valley Civilization sites:
The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, was one of the world's oldest urban cultures, flourishing around 2600 to 1900 BCE in what is now modern-day India and Pakistan. Archaeologists have excavated several sites belonging to this ancient civilization, uncovering a wealth of artifacts and ruins.
Some prominent Indus Valley Civilization sites include:
1. Mohenjo-Daro:
Location: Sindh, Pakistan
Significance: Mohenjo-Daro is one of the most well-known Indus Valley sites. The ruins include the Great Bath, assembly halls, houses with advanced drainage systems, and a complex urban layout.
2. Harappa:
Location: Punjab, Pakistan
Significance: Harappa was the first site of the Indus Valley Civilization to be discovered. Excavations revealed a planned city with a citadel, granaries, and a large residential area.
3. Dholavira:
Location: Gujarat, India
Significance: Dholavira is known for its advanced water conservation system, large reservoirs, and a unique ten large inscriptions, possibly Harappan writings.
4. Lothal:
Location: Gujarat, India
Significance: Lothal was a major trading port with an intricate dockyard, indicating the advanced maritime activities of the civilization. The site also features a bead factory and a marketplace.
5. Kalibangan:
Location: Rajasthan, India
Significance: Kalibangan revealed an advanced drainage system, fire altars, and evidence of crop cultivation. The site is also notable for the discovery of a plowed field, suggesting agricultural practices.
6. Rakhigarhi:
Location: Haryana, India
Significance: Rakhigarhi is one of the largest sites of the Indus Valley Civilization. Excavations have uncovered a well-planned city with residential complexes, a granary, and a drainage system.
7. Ganeriwala:
Location: Punjab, Pakistan
Significance: Ganeriwala is one of the lesser-known sites, but archaeological excavations have revealed structures resembling a citadel, suggesting the presence of urban planning.
8. Surkotada:
Location: Gujarat, India
Significance: Surkotada is known for its unique findings, including evidence of horses, suggesting the possibility of horse domestication in the region. The site also contains a cemetery.
These ruins provide valuable insights into the advanced urban planning, social structure, trade, agriculture, and technology of the Indus Valley Civilization, making it a crucial area of study for archaeologists and historians.