Monday, June 24, 2019
Why is the picture of black hole one of the greatest achievements of human history?
On April 10, 2019, when the team of "Event Horizon Telescope" presented the true picture of the black hole for the first time, enthusiasm jumped on the achievements of scientists all over the world. Those who knew that in a short time the true image of the black hole is going to be presented to the world, he was eagerly waiting for the press conference of the scientists. This image of black hole was important and challenging for many reasons. In this experiment, Einstein's "General theory of relativity" was at stake, along with that scientific knowledge was also at stake, which had been earned about black holes over the last several decades. Before bringing this image of black hole to the public, scientists had long ensured that there was no shortage in their experiments and processes. In this process the scientists of the entire world were engaged for many decades. So, when the scientists were sure of the authenticity and error of their experiment and process, this image was presented to the whole world by press conference at six places, so that all scientists and countries involved in the process get full credit for success. The media of the whole world made this event a major news, because it is one of the greatest achievements of human history.
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| Picture of black hole |
Why is this the greatest event in human history?
In 1784, English astronomer 'John Mitchell' envisaged a star that was so heavy and more dense that even if light approaches it, it can not come out of the clutches of this star. Here the example of light is given so that in the stability of light the mass is very subtle in the zero and motion state. Light thing from light can not be imagined. After this, Einstein founded "General Theory of Relativity" in 1915, which is used today in understanding and analyzing all the subjects from astronomy to space science. Einstein's "General Theory of Relativity" has been proven to be accurate and accurate in countless experiments and calculations. A few months after coming to "General Theory of Relativity", after a few months after scientific Karl Swargerchild solved Einstein's equations In these findings, the value of a distance from the center of the black hole emerges within which Einstein's equation does not work. It is called cognitive in scientific language. Later this distance was called 'Swargachial Radiya' and the circle made of it was called "Event Horizon". Such calculations have been made that the black hole swallows the material from three times the distance of 'Swarga-bound Radiya' and the distance from the distance of one and a half times the 'Swarga-like radius'. After this, a lot of sari was calculated about the black hole at the theoretical level in the last century, whose original base was Einstein's equation. Since the equation from Einstein was being used in astronomy and astronomy, and in other branches of science, proved to be accurate, so scientists were curious that if they did not show 'Event Horizon', Einstein's "General Theory of Relativity" failed It will happen and the whole physics will get hit. All this was so far at the level of the calculations, so there was a need for a fairly accurate experiment in which there are some concrete proofs.
To cope with this problem, scientists around the world have created an organization and decided to work together.
Giant of this scientific problem
The scientific problem of taking the image of a black hole was not a common problem. There were many high level obstructions in it, which should be considered by the board-
1. Nature of Black Hole:
Scientists were looking to see "Event Horizon" Event Horizon is the place as far as the black hole can reach the light and not being pulled by the black hole. Thus, this light covers black holes from outside in a way such as black holes wear light clothes. Although the black hole can not be seen, the rays of light spread around it can be seen, which just leave the event horizon. Therefore, it was decided that it is not possible to see the black hole, but it is possible to see the black hole in the light of the event horizon. Taking photographs of black holes with event horizons was not easy. It is not easy to reconstruct the light rays wrapped in event horizon in your telescopes, which we will consider further.
2. Position in the black hole sky:
First of all, it is not easy to determine where the black hole is. Since it lightens the light and we can see any thing when the object emits or reflects the light either. Knowing the condition of black holes, scientists have many decades With the help of numerous giant telescopes, countless scientists monitor the entire sky. After several years studying several stars in a galaxy, they came to know that all the stars are rotating around a particular center point, which is not bright. This was the Galaxy M87. Its stars are giant. Such heavy stars can rotate themselves several times more than heavy objects, and scientists calculated that it should be a black hole. In this way, after the long and tedious calculations, the possible condition of black holes is known.
3. Distance from Earth:
On the basis of calculations and experiments, it was found that this black hole is 5.5 million light years away from the Earth. This means that this black hole is so far from Earth in the M87 Galaxy, that it takes 5.5 million years to reach the earth by light. It also means that the light that we have drawn with its image was running 5.5 million years ago from this black hole. Meaning of the image we have is the black hole's photographs of 5.5 million years old. We all know that when things go away, things start appearing small. Similarly, this black hole was too small due to being too far from the earth. Scientists calculated that it looks so small from the earth that it requires a visionary equivalent to the size of the house. Being able to make a visionary equal to the size of the earth is out of the hands of human hands. The scientist has been troubled for many years thinking of how to overcome this problem. Then the scientist came to the conclusion that it is true that we can not make a visionary of the shape of the earth, but by creating a virtual telescope of the earth-shaped space, we can unite the telescopes all over the earth. This technique is not new in astronomy. In India itself, the GMRT ie Giant Metevev radio telescope is spread around 25 km near Poona, in which small telescopes are engaged, and together with all the telescopes, a giant 25km long telescope is formed, which is far in space Helps in taking photographs of small, small-looking objects spread over. In this, images taken from many telescopes are combined together to create a photo. This is an old and completely established technique. However, there were some other technical difficulties for the virtual telescope that was removed from Earth.
4. Design of Telescope:
Scientists from all countries of the world together formed a group of telescopes spread around the world and synchronized them together. Another problem was that the earth revolves around its axis faster, so the effects of this rotation in the images were also to be finished. For this, scientists made calculations for a few decades so that errors could be removed from experiments. At particular times, many telescopes throughout the world took photographs of that particular point where calculations were made to be black holes. This is how many thousand terabytes of data are generated. Now it was a turn to see this huge amount of data together. The data collected was done by Katie Bauman, a PhD student of Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. For this, they had to make an algorithm. In this process, the scientists took a very careful note of not seeing anything that he wanted to see but rather see which was present there. After a long struggle, when the scientist was determined that the help of all the telescopes could become a black hole ring, his happiness was no where.
Apart from this, all the technical and widespread choices were in front of the scientists, which is very difficult to explain to the general public.
The black center in this photo is hidden in the size of an optical ring. This is exactly what the scientists were catered for for more than a century. In this image it can be seen clearly that the black hole in the optical event Horizon is hidden. Although there were many major scientific obstacles in this process and it was considered impossible to take the image of the black hole, but the scientists showed it cleverly. The scholars around the world are counting it among the greatest achievements of mankind. It is only possible to make the impossible work of science in the all-time work impossible. And the bigger the challenge, the win is considered as big. Ultimately: This is the first image of the black hole. It is believed that in the time when we will get better images also we will be able to pull the human.