Montreal Protocol | Kigali Agreement

Montreal Protocol

1. To protect the ozone layer, the Vienna Ozone Layer Protection Agreement was first signed in 1985, but no time limit could be fixed for the implementation of its provisions.
2. On 16 September 1987 in Montreal, Canada, under the auspices of the United Nations, an agreement was signed between different countries, called the Montreal Protocol, to address the concerns arising out of the depletion of the ozone layer.
3. The Montreal Protocol came into force on January 1, 1989.
4. In the Montreal Protocol, it was decided that by the year 2050, the production of elements that damage the ozone layer would be controlled.
5. It was also decided in the conference that the production and use of gases like chlorofluorocarbons, which destroy the ozone layer, would be limited.
6. A 'MOP' (Meeting of Parties) is held every year by the member countries for the practical implementation of this protocol.
7. The Montreal Protocol has been signed by 197 world parties.
8. India has also signed this protocol.
9. Countries that signed the Montreal Treaty in the year 1990 also began to completely stop the use of gases such as chlorofluorocarbons and tetra chloride by the year 2000.
10. The Montreal Protocol is considered the most successful protocol in the world.
11. The Montreal Protocol is created with the aim of controlling the production and consumption of various substances that damage the ozone layer.
12. The Montreal Protocol is actually an international treaty in the context of the ozone layer, which emphasizes the reduction of substances that damage the ozone layer.

Kigali Agreement

1. India has approved the ratification of the Kigali Agreement to the Montreal Protocol to phase out Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).
2. India now needs to reduce its HFC usage by 80% by 2047.
3. China and the US have decided to achieve this target in 2045 and 2034.