Wednesday, September 9, 2020
Ashoka's Inscriptions:
Ashoka, also known as Ashoka the Great, was an ancient Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled from 268 to 232 BCE. He is renowned for his conversion to Buddhism and his efforts to spread the teachings of Buddhism throughout his empire. Ashoka left behind a series of inscriptions on rocks and pillars, known as the Ashokan inscriptions, which provide valuable insights into his reign, policies, and beliefs.
Here are key aspects of Ashoka's inscriptions:
1. Distribution:
Ashoka's inscriptions are found at various locations across the Indian subcontinent. The inscriptions are written in different languages, including Prakrit, Greek, Aramaic, and Brahmi script.
2. Purpose:
The inscriptions served multiple purposes, including propagating Buddhist principles, announcing Ashoka's policies, and informing the public about his administrative measures.
3. Pillars and Edicts:
The inscriptions are categorized into two main types: the Rock Edicts and the Pillar Edicts. The Rock Edicts are found on natural rock surfaces, while the Pillar Edicts are inscribed on pillars erected by Ashoka.
4. Contents:
The inscriptions contain Ashoka's thoughts on morality, dhamma (dharma or righteousness), religious tolerance, and the welfare of his subjects. They provide insights into his conversion to Buddhism and his commitment to the welfare of all his people.
5. Major Rock Edicts:
The Major Rock Edicts, found at several locations, outline Ashoka's principles of governance. They include edicts related to non-violence, moral conduct, religious tolerance, and social welfare. The Rock Edicts also mention Ashoka's regret for the Kalinga War, which had a profound impact on him.
6. Minor Rock Edicts:
The Minor Rock Edicts deal with specific administrative details, instructions to officials, and matters related to the welfare of the people.
7. Pillar Edicts:
The Pillar Edicts are inscriptions on pillars erected by Ashoka. They emphasize the principles of dhamma and Ashoka's efforts to promote Buddhist morality.
8. Dhauli and Sarnath Inscriptions:
The inscriptions at Dhauli and Sarnath are particularly significant. At Dhauli, Ashoka expresses remorse for the violence in the Kalinga War. The Sarnath inscription discusses the principles of dhamma.
9. Inscription Languages:
The inscriptions were written in various languages to reach diverse linguistic communities. The language included Prakrit for local audiences, Greek for Hellenistic regions, Aramaic for the northwest, and Brahmi script for broader dissemination.
10. Legacy:
Ashoka's inscriptions are considered a remarkable historical and cultural legacy. They provide crucial information about the Mauryan Empire and Ashoka's efforts to promote moral governance and Buddhist values.
Ashoka's inscriptions are vital sources for understanding the socio-political and religious dimensions of ancient India and continue to be studied by historians, archaeologists, and scholars. They reflect the emperor's commitment to a humane and just rule based on moral principles.