Friday, September 13, 2019
City Planning in Indus Valley Civilization:
The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, was one of the world's earliest urban cultures that emerged around 3300 BCE in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. City planning in the Indus Valley Civilization showcases a high level of organization and urban development.
Here are key features of city planning in the Indus Valley:
1. Well-Planned Cities:
Harappan cities, including Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa, Dholavira, and others, were meticulously planned with a grid layout of streets and well-defined neighborhoods.
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| City Planning in Indus Valley Civilization |
2. Street Grids:
Cities had a grid system of streets that intersected at right angles. The streets were laid out in a north-south and east-west orientation, creating rectangular blocks.
3. Advanced Drainage System:
One of the most remarkable features of Harappan city planning was the advanced drainage system. Cities had a sophisticated network of covered drains and sewage systems. Houses were connected to these drains, ensuring efficient disposal of waste and maintaining cleanliness.
4. Public Bathing Platforms:
Many Harappan cities featured large public bathing platforms, often referred to as the Great Bath. The Great Bath in Mohenjo-Daro is an iconic example. It is a large, rectangular tank made of baked bricks with a layer of natural tar to prevent water leakage.
5. Citadels and Lower Towns:
Cities typically had a citadel (higher area) and a lower town. The citadel often housed important structures, possibly administrative or religious, while the lower town contained residential and commercial areas.
6. Brick Construction:
Houses and structures in Harappan cities were constructed using standardized, kiln-fired bricks. The use of standardized bricks facilitated construction and contributed to the uniformity of the city layout.
7. Multi-Story Buildings:
Some evidence suggests that Harappan houses were multi-story structures. Staircases and access points to upper floors have been found in excavations.
8. Granaries:
Cities had large granaries for storing surplus agricultural produce. The granaries were raised on platforms to protect the stored grains from dampness and pests.
9. City Gates:
Harappan cities had well-defined entrances with massive brick gateways. The presence of guardrooms near the gates suggests control and monitoring of access points.
10. Trade and Commerce:
The layout of cities, with market areas and residential neighborhoods, indicates a thriving system of trade and commerce. The cities were strategically located along trade routes.
11. Lack of Palaces and Temples:
Unlike some other ancient civilizations, such as Mesopotamia and Egypt, no monumental palaces or large temples have been identified in the primary areas of Harappan cities. The purpose of citadels in Harappan cities remains a subject of scholarly debate.
The planning and engineering prowess exhibited in the urban centers of the Indus Valley Civilization highlight an advanced level of societal organization and urban living. Despite the achievements of the Harappan Civilization, many aspects of their culture and writing system remain undeciphered, contributing to the mystery surrounding their decline and disappearance.